Ultrasonographic abdominal adipose tissue thickness for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Obesity has been linked to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The meta-analysis aimed to assess the predictive role of ultrasonographic measurements of the abdominal adipose tissue thickness for GDM in pregnant women. Cohort studies evaluating the association between abdominal subcutaneous and/or visceral adipose thickness (SAT and/or VAT) and subsequent risk of GDM were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Only studies with SAT/VAT measured before the diagnosis of GDM were included. Random-effects models incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity were used to pool the results. A total of 13 studies involving 5616 pregnant women were included. Pooled results showed that both a high abdominal SAT (odds ratio [OR] for per 1-cm increment: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.41, P = 0.003, I² = 13%; OR for high versus low category: 3.42, 95% CI: 2.31 to 5.07, P < 0.001, I² = 0%) and VAT (OR for per 1-cm increment: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.06, P = 0.003, I² = 63%; OR for high versus low category: 5.73, 95% CI: 3.39 to 9.77, P < 0.001, I² = 31%) at early stages of pregnancy were associated with a higher subsequent risk of GDM. Subgroup analysis based on study design, timing of ultrasound examination, GDM diagnostic criteria, and study quality score showed consistent results. In conclusion, ultrasound-measured abdominal adipose tissue thickness may be useful for predicting the subsequent risk of GDM in pregnant women.