Effect of clozapine on locomotor activity and anxiety-related behavior in the neonatal mice administered MK-801

Neslihan Pınar; Kubra Akillioglu; Fatih Sefil; Harun Alp; Mustafa Sagir; Ahmet Acet

doi:10.17305/bjbms.2015.472

Authors

Neslihan Pınar Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
Kubra Akillioglu Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physiology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
Fatih Sefil Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay
Harun Alp Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
Mustafa Sagir Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat
Ahmet Acet Faculty of Medicine, Medical Pharmacology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2015.472

Keywords:

MK-801, Clozapine, Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, Neonatal mice

Abstract

Atypical antipsychotics have been used to treat fear and anxiety disturbance that are highly common in schizophrenic patients. It is suggested that disruptions of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated transmission of glutamate may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of clozapine on the anxiety-related behavior and locomotor function of the adult brain, which had previously undergone NMDA receptor blockade during a developmental period. In order to block the NMDA receptor, male mice were administered 0.25 mg/kg of MK-801 on days 7 to 10 postnatal. In adulthood, they were administered intraperitoneally 0.5 mg/kg of clozapine and tested with open-field and elevated plus maze test, to assess their emotional behavior and locomotor activity. In the group receiving MK-801 in the early developmental period the elevated plus maze test revealed a reduction in the anxiety-related behavior (p<0.05), while the open-field test indicated a decrease in locomotor activity (p<0.01). Despite these reductions, clozapine could not reverse the NMDA receptor blockade. Also, as an atypical antipsychotic agent, clozapine could not reverse impairment in the locomotor activity and anxiety-related behavior, induced by administration of the MK-801 in neonatal period.

Citations

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Viberg H, Ponten E, Eriksson P, Gordh T, Fredriksson A. Neonatal ketamine exposure results in changes in biochemical substrates of neuronal growth and synaptogenesis, and alters adult behavior irreversibly. Toxicology. 2008;249:153-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2008.04.019

Andersen SL. Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003;27:3-18.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0149-7634(03)00005-8

Brooks WJ, Weeks AC, Leboutillier JC, Petit TL. Altered NMDA sensitivity and learning following chronic developmental NMDA antagonism. Physiol Behav. 1997;62:955-62.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(97)00169-8

Fredriksson A, Archer T, Alm H, Gordh T, Eriksson P. Neurofunctional deficits and potentiated apoptosis by neonatal NMDA antagonist administration. Behav Brain Res. 2004;153:367-76.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2003.12.026

Guo C, Yang Y, Su Y, Si T. Postnatal BDNF expression profiles in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of a rat schizophrenia model induced by MK-801 administration. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010;2010:783297.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/783297

Melik E, Babar E, Kocahan S, Guven M, Akillioglu K. Enriched environment has limited capacity for the correction of hippocampal memory-dependent schizoid behaviors in rats with early postnatal NMDAR dysfunction. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2014;33:22-8.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.10.004

Scorza MC, Castane A, Bortolozzi A, Artigas F. Clozapine does not require 5-HT1A receptors to block the locomotor hyperactivity induced by MK-801 Clz and MK-801 in KO1A mice. Neuropharmacology. 2010;59:112-20.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.04.012

Mutlu O, Ulak G, Celikyurt IK, Akar FY, Erden F. Effects of olanzapine, sertindole and clozapine on learning and memory in the Morris water maze test in naive and MK-801-treated mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011;98:398-404.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.009

Mead A, Li M, Kapur S. Clozapine and olanzapine exhibit an intrinsic anxiolytic property in two conditioned fear paradigms: contrast with haloperidol and chlordiazepoxide. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008;90:551-62.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2008.04.014

Ertugrul A, Ozdemir H, Vural A, Dalkara T, Meltzer HY, Saka E. The influence of N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine on recognition memory and BDNF expression in hippocampus. Brain Res Bull. 2011;84:144-50.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.11.014

Wiley JL, Compton AD, Porter JH. Effects of four antipsychotics on punished responding in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993;45:263-7.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90237-N

Millan MJ, Schreiber R, Monneyron S, Denorme B, Melon C, Queriaux S, et al. S-16924, a novel, potential antipsychotic with marked serotonin1A agonist properties. IV. A drug discrimination comparison with clozapine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999;289:427-36.

Prut L, Belzung C. The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. European journal of pharmacology. 2003;463:3-33.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01272-X

Sousa N, Almeida OF, Wotjak CT. A hitchhiker's guide to behavioral analysis in laboratory rodents. Genes, brain, and behavior. 2006;5 Suppl 2:5-24.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00228.x

Korte SM, De Boer SF. A robust animal model of state anxiety: fear-potentiated behaviour in the elevated plus-maze. European journal of pharmacology. 2003;463:163-75.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01279-2

Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briley M. Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. Journal of neuroscience methods. 1985;14:149-67.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(85)90031-7

Cole BJ, Hillmann M, Seidelmann D, Klewer M, Jones GH. Effects of benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonists in the elevated plus maze test of anxiety in the rat. Psychopharmacology. 1995;121:118-26.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245598

Martinez G, Ropero C, Funes A, Flores E, Blotta C, Landa AI, et al. Effects of selective NMDA and non-NMDA blockade in the nucleus accumbens on the plus-maze test. Physiology & behavior. 2002;76:219-24.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00704-7

Harris LW, Sharp T, Gartlon J, Jones DN, Harrison PJ. Long-term behavioural, molecular and morphological effects of neonatal NMDA receptor antagonism. The European journal of neuroscience. 2003;18:1706-10.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02902.x

Jacobs PS, Taylor BM, Bardgett ME. Maturation of locomotor and Fos responses to the NMDA antagonists, PCP and MK-801. Brain research Developmental brain research. 2000;122:91-5.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-3806(00)00059-6

Akillioglu K, Binokay S, Kocahan S. The effect of neonatal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade on exploratory and anxiety-like behaviors in adult BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Behavioural brain research. 2012;233:157-61.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.041

Akillioglu K, Babar Melik E, Melik E, Kocahan S. The investigation of neonatal MK-801 administration and physical environmental enrichment on emotional and cognitive functions in adult Balb/c mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;102:407-14.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.06.006

Lindefors N, Barati S, O'Connor WT. Differential effects of single and repeated ketamine administration on dopamine, serotonin and GABA transmission in rat medial prefrontal cortex. Brain Res. 1997;759:205-12.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00255-2

Hondo H, Yonezawa Y, Nakahara T, Nakamura K, Hirano M, Uchimura H, et al. Effect of phencyclidine on dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex; an in vivo microdialysis study. Brain Res. 1994;633:337-42.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)91558-X

Lim AL, Taylor DA, Malone DT. A two-hit model: behavioural investigation of the effect of combined neonatal MK-801 administration and isolation rearing in the rat. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26:1252-64.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881111430751

Baier PC, Blume A, Koch J, Marx A, Fritzer G, Aldenhoff JB, et al. Early postnatal depletion of NMDA receptor development affects behaviour and NMDA receptor expression until later adulthood in rats--a possible model for schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res. 2009;205:96-101.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.06.018

Amani M, Samadi H, Doosti MH, Azarfarin M, Bakhtiari A, Majidi-Zolbanin N, et al. Neonatal NMDA receptor blockade alters anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2013;73:87-97.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.056

du Bois TM, Huang XF, Deng C. Perinatal administration of PCP alters adult behaviour in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Behav Brain Res. 2008;188:416-9.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.017

Mc Fie S, Sterley TL, Howells FM, Russell VA. Clozapine decreases exploratory activity and increases anxiety-like behaviour in the Wistar-Kyoto rat but not the spontaneously hypertensive rat model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Res. 2012;1467:91-103.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.047

Lim AL, Taylor DA, Malone DT. Consequences of early life MK-801 administration: long-term behavioural effects and relevance to schizophrenia research. Behav Brain Res. 2012;227:276-86.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.052

du Bois TM, Deng C, Han M, Newell KA, Huang XF. Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission is chronically altered following perinatal NMDA receptor blockade. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009;19:256-65.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.12.002

Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, Jaber M, Caron MG. Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol Rev. 1998;78:189-225.